In The Anxious Generation Goes to Church, Rainer says “We know that young people are struggling. We know that the widespread adoption of smartphones has exacerbated problems such as anxiety and depression. We know that the rates of self-harm and suicide increased dramatically with the adoption of the smartphone and the explosion of social media as a cultural force.” Yet he goes on to list five other major factors that make up the values of today’s youth: Technological immersion, Growing up slowly, Diversity and tolerance, Isolation and virtual relationships, and Income insecurity.